崩溃边缘的女人1988

El lema de las películas de Pedro Almodóvar siempre coincide con las mujeres, y esta, sin duda, no es una excepción. En general, es un cuento sobre cómo las mujeres procuran conquistar el corazón de sus amores. Por ejemplo,Iván se entretenía entre tres chicas, a causa de él, su ex esposa incluso hizo unas locuras: para que su ex marido volviera a su lado, ella se arriesgó a apuntar una pistola frente a él en el aeropuerto. Por otra parte, también se puede interpretar que los comportamientos consecutivos de Julieta se hicieron con pura intención de venganza, una serie de venganza a fin de expulsar su furia a Iván, a las rivales, al amor, al matrimonio, y a la vida entera. La declaración de ella al final de la película supone su actitud de toda la vida: soy infeliz, soy loca, en este mundo ya no queda espacio para mí, es mejor que yo vuelva al hospital.

En segundo lugar, es también una película de salvación.

Pepa, como la ex novia de Iván, se hundió durante mucho tiempo en la tristeza, trataba de olvidarse de Iván. Lo mismo pasó con Candela, quien se enamoró de un delincuente, y temía involucrarse en sus crímenes. Por objetivos similares, Candela fue a buscar a Pepa , y estas dos mujeres empezaron así sus viajes de salvación. En este proceso, Pepa me ha impresionado mucho. Aunque, al principio, se actuaba como una loca, y solía desmayarse fácilmente. Se iba convirtiéndose de una mujer vulnerable en una héroe espiritualmente potente. El clave de su vida consiste en lucharse contra todo lo desagradable. Es por eso, por lo que se fue firmemente de Iván tras haber salvado a él. Porque lo más importante es la salvación de una misma.

Además, quiero mencionar un papel en especial. El taxista.

A lo largo de la lucha, el taxista siempre acompañaba a Pepa, le servía como un testigo de sus acciones heroicas. A la primera vez, cuando a Pepa le dolían mucho los ojos, preguntó al taxista si podía ofrecerle colirio. La respuesta fue no. Pero no sé por qué razón, el taxista también empezó a llorar con ella. Sin embargo, a la última vez cuando Pepa tomó su coche, el taxista sí había preparado colirio para ella. La existencia del taxista y su mambo taxi afirman que además de los hombres irresponsables y crueles, también hay personas rebeldes como el taxista quien está preparado para brindar un hogar ideal a la persona que quiera.

La existencia del joven taxista, junto con el sueño sexual de Marisa y el paisaje de la terraza , nos transmiten en su conjunto cierta esperanza: es verdad que la vida está llena de sufrimientos, pero de los sufrimientos nacen la amistad , el goce sexual , el amor , y el sol de mañana.

帮睡眠袜找的资源，进了迅雷之后又几十种字幕可供选择，但有些字幕跟声画对不上。

有的时候还满震惊的，因为找的资源标题就是西语一时间我都不知道自己在看什么电影，问了睡眠袜然后我就知道了原来我又在看西班牙花衬衫胖子拍的电影。

问了名字之后对于电影剧情容易接受了一些。不然的话我一开始是没法接受这些电影里的女的都这么疯疯癫癫的。刚看到上映年份竟然是我小学英语老师的出生年份。

看得还蛮震惊的，我带着一种猎奇的眼光在看（如果有侮辱到是我的不对），首先是是女主的朋友在多次想向女主倾诉自己的难处而女主不理她的时候想去跳楼引起女主注意，还有女主情夫的前妻化的妆，很神奇，眼睫毛竟然是直接画在眼皮上的，不知道这是剧情设定说她是精神病所以大家都不在意，还是说你在西班牙打扮成什么样都没关系。我不能理解的原因可能是因为我不够开放，我比较东方人的内敛（东方人：请不要碰瓷。），如果我有难事，我想让我朋友听听，而她如果不在意或者自己也自顾不暇，我会二话不说马上闭嘴然后离开，所以女主的朋友非要女主听听自己的trouble，并且女主顾不上管她她就要跳楼引起注意这个让我很震惊，但我会尊重这个的。而且当女主终于来听她的诉求的时候，她首先是非常轻松地讲自己美妙的性经历，这里我也很震惊，我以为你要讲的事情应该是火烧眉毛非常紧急的， 没想到要讲这么多相比之下无关紧要的事吧。不过女主也没有不耐烦的样子，好像这也是很重要的，还是说她了解她朋友，我也不知道。虽然我不理解但我尊重这个。

其次是女主，她看起来好像有躁郁症，动不动就发怒，可能是因为怀孕了所以脾气不好吗，把床单烧了，把电话扔出窗外，把她情夫的明信片和照片撕毁。还有她情夫的前妻，拿着一把枪，威胁别人。真的好神奇。

而且里面的关系也挺混乱的。我一个字都不想相信情夫说的，电影一开始他就在沾花惹草，对各种女人，真的是各种女人，各大洲的各人种的， 说一句尬死人的情话，然后女人们就迷得神魂颠倒。所以情夫可怜巴巴地跟女主说话的时候我也丝毫不心疼他。我觉得他们很搞笑的就是，事先电联工作不做好，非要到住处去找人，一旦那人不在又像后面有鬼在追一样的赶紧离开，到底他吗的有什么好急的，好不容易都来这了，根本就是低效率……反正男女主互相找对方结果每次都擦肩而过看得我急死了，这个是不是叫皇帝不急太监急。而且女主怀着她情夫的孩子还跟情夫的儿子接吻，这可以说是小妈文学吗，可是小妈肚子里怀着你的亲弟弟。而且情夫儿子真的很喜欢乱搞，明明有未婚妻，还跟女主朋友搞上。已经显露他爸爱沾花捻草的性格了。

整个电影里面的颜色和布置都很花哨。女主家的阳台，我看到地上有一个皮球，我以为是幼儿园，我以为她在拍画报或什么之类的，布景好像很小，很虚假，给我一种《圣山》的感觉，好像那种小孩子游乐园。颜色很天真无邪又很劣质，是一种不加克制的极度使用。还有角色穿的衣服和妆容，外国人就是比较敢穿吧，估计真的是穿什么都没人说你，可能那个环境就是对穿着打扮很放松很自由的。还有女演员们的眼影，各种颜色的都有，尤其是女主情夫的儿子的未婚妻，我看她的眼影好像是外围一圈棕黄色（比棕黄色淡一点），然后里面是紫色，还有渐变，蛮好看的。

Women On The Verge of Nervous Breakdown introduces a drama about female roles in chaos. The director Almodóvar utilized intertextuality to borrow elements from other works. By representing the film like screwball comedy and melodrama, Women on the Verge portrays three different kinds of women and they could be contextualized to explain the social circumstance of Spain in 1980s.

Three female images and their corresponding national identities

1 Lucia

Lucia is the wife of the male protagonist Ivan, who left Lucia many years ago. Since then, Lucia becomes psycho. Her image gives the viewer a feeling of retro and collaging. Her exaggerated wig and vintage suit make her like a woman from 1970s or even before. Lucia appears to be mentally unbalanced but become sober at some point.

This profile shot shows her head in the wind, funny and eye-capturing. Lucia is on the way to airport and plan to kill Ivan. By using this profile shot of her head, it shows Lucia’s impenetrability (Acevedo-Muñoz, 2006). Her mental disorder belies her revenge.

The role of Lucia could be a metaphor of those people who is entangled with past and could not get rid of the influence of history cultural legacy. After the regime in 1975, many cultural practices were repressed in the transitional period. People with old cultural revenge, however, were also trapped by the limitation of past, like Lucia realizes she should be in hospital like she used to.

2 Candela

Candela is the female protagonist Pepa’s friend. She is open to love but become desperate and maniac when she knows that she may in trouble of living with terrorists. At the same time, Candela is still dare to earn herself love by flirting with Ivan’s son Carlos.

Candela represents the people who is willing to touch upon new objects in the cultural transition. There were “cultural anxiety” and “generic instability” in Spanish culture at 1980s. Although there are political and sexual liberation with artistic freedom in this kind of “new Spanish mentality”, they could also be coward and scared when new trends sweep.

3 Pepa

Pepa is the female protagonist and she is in search of her lover Ivan to tell him that she got pregnant. She spends time on the phone listening or asking others about Ivan. However, she does not get the chance to meet Ivan in person. At last, Pepa moves Ivan from her emotion and to save him not from love and this turn her from a loser to a winner (Willem, 1998). The growing of Pepa could be related to the Hitchcock. In Hitchcock’s film there are male roles who are being psycho, here Almodóvar reversely use it to express that women could also liberate themselves from neurotic men (Acevedo-Muñoz, 2006).

Pepa represents the people who are searching in the background of a chaos world and get rid of the negative side of the last. Ivan could be a metaphor of the history that haunted people. Eventually, Pepa leave Ivan decisively and broke the repressive chain with Ivan. Ivan represents the dictatorial political relationship of under General Francisco Franco’s regime in 1975. Pepa’s leaving is the metaphor that the Spanish society have escape from dictatorial repression (Hodge, 2010). At the end of the film, Pepa and Merisa are talking on the peaceful terrace, when Merisa says that she has had a good dream. This reveals the optimism of Almodóvar. Although Spain has gone through cultural transition or other chaos just like Pepa, it will reborn with other new culture and more democratic social order.

Women and power relationship

In the film, Pepa searches for every chance to hear Ivan’s voice. However, Ivan could leave his voice and leave without responsibility. Here it could be understanded as that men have the right to let women waiting and do not care the feeling of women. Women and men could not talk to each other with respect and equality. The patriarchy in the legacy of dictatorship still exists.

Additionally, the film also expresses the attitude towards love. It is love that made these women on the nervous breakdown. However, it is this patriarchal society makes love a shackle on women. Women are thought to be crazy or vulnerable in front of love. Once without love, they will go insane but men could walk away in peace. Almodóvar expression this issue with melodrama and cast the question that how to maintain sex equality to the viewers.

The relationship between human and technology

Pepa utilized the telephone and voice mails to communicate with Ivan. However, this communication is invalid and Pepa does not have the chance to tell Ivan that she is pregnant. Ironically, the technology impedes the interaction instead of making communication more convenient. Hodge (2010) pointed that Pepa interact with Ivan’s voice mail and blame the machine, making her a slave to the machine. The obsession with machine could not figure out Pepa’s issue and make her entangled with frustration.

Pepa’s love-hate relationship with telephone

At 1980s that this film describes, the new technologies like voice mails or other machinery; There were movement among writers advocate instead of providing convenience the machines could bring potential disasters. The writers were in worries that the machines could reverse their power relation with human, becoming autonomous individuals and make people under repression (Hodge, 2010). The destroying of telephone in the movie could be an allusion that people should break the restriction of machines. More reflection of how could people appropriately use machine to gain convenience is also asked by Almodóvar.

Women on the Verge of Nervous breakdown utilized intertextuality and melodrama to capture different women images. With the hybrid of genres, Almodóvar nurtured his own style and reflect on the Spanish society at 1980s to evoke social contemplation.

Reference list:

Acevedo-Muñoz, R. E. (2006). Melo-Thriller: Hitchcock, Genre, and Nationalism in Pedro Almodóvar’s Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown. In D. Boyd and R. B. Palmer (Ed.), After Hitchcock: Influence, imitation, and intertextuality (pp173-194).//learningmall.xjtlu.edu.cn/pluginfile.php/77440/mod_resource/content/1/Required%20reading%20week%2013.pdf

Hodge, P. J. (2010). The Role of Technology in Creative Productions by José Moreno Arenas and Pedro Almodóvar: Keep the Change, Doll and Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown. International Journal of the Humanities, 7(12), 137–146. //doi.org/10.18848/1447-9508/CGP/v07i12/42786

Willem, L. M. (1998). Almodóvar on the Verge of Cocteau’s “La Voix humaine.” Literature/Film Quarterly, 26(2), 142–147.

可以粗略把这部影片划分为两个阶段，前半段是幻想，后半段是现实。

幻想中

女人找不到自己的情人，陷入崩溃，从她接起电话的那一瞬间，镜头开始对准她的各种状态。

一系列极端的低视角镜头，以及刁钻的大特写，都是导演试图利用镜头语言来表现这个女人感情处于极端状态的手段，而这些镜头被女人的移动所连接——她几乎无时不刻在走动，不仅带快整个影片的节奏，更让她的情感处于随时紧绷无法松弛的状态。

极端镜头

而在阿莫多瓦所设置的“话剧式”场景中，人物的行动被放置在几个空间内（车、工作场所、女人的家、一条街道等等），这种感情得以充斥在这些有限的空间，在不被外物所影响的前提下，最大化呈现出它的“崩溃状态”。

此时的女人处在一种不可思议的极端化状态中，她盲目地穿梭在各个空间，好似在寻找这个男人，实际上却也是穿梭在自己的幻想中，她的幻想千变万化，随着她极端的情感缓缓流动。

恰如每个陷入爱情、又无法挣脱的女人。

幻想与现实之桥

本作的最具功能性人物莫过于女主角的好友，她用自己的“自杀式”纵身一跃换来了女主角的关注，成功将后者的注意力转移到了自己所遭遇到的麻烦身上。女主角开始意识到自己需要帮助好友，尽管她又开始穿梭于不同的空间中，但当她再次返回到自己家中，发现情人的儿子和自己的好友好像发生了什么，又收到情人的皮箱，她的想法在不知不觉间转变。

好友的自杀，让她从极端的情感中挣脱出来，开始正视现实生活中的其他问题。

皮箱的出现，情人儿子背着自己的未婚妻和好友发生了一些银幕外的联系，将男性在本作中的一些本原展露出来：他们不仅懦弱，不敢回答女性“你真的爱我吗”的问题，甚至见一个爱一个，她并不是他的唯一。

幻想开始破灭，现实逐渐显露，女主角换上红色衣服，脱离蓝色衣服的忧郁和不安。

现实中

警察和情人的妻子找上门来，一场看似挽救情人生命的追逐戏出现，它成为本作的一个高潮，虽然主角更像是情人的妻子，她因为精神病处在一种极端的感情状态已经许久，但此时她的狂乱恰好与女主角的冷静形成一种鲜明的对照。

此时极端的镜头也只为展现这位妻子而设，因为唯有她仍处在一种癫狂状态下。

妻子的癫狂

电影前半段对话的两人处在一种平等的镜头凝视下，她们当时的状态也是一样的（蓝色：忧郁）

当女主角挽救情人的性命，花费了整部电影的漫长时间主动走到他面前，他无处可逃，终于说出：“我们可以谈谈”，却遭到果断拒绝——“超过了两个小时，已经太迟了。”

她看似挽救了情人的性命，实际上将其交给了飞向斯德哥尔摩的飞机，交给了命运的审判。

结局

最终是怀有身孕的她与一位在梦中脱离处子之身的女孩，两人身着红衣，坐在阳台上交谈。

一位是成为真正的女人，一位是成为母亲，但都不妨碍她们迎来了自己的新生。